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	<title>Juan Bisquert's Blog</title>
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	<description>Opinions, conferences and news on hybrid and organic photovoltaics</description>
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		<title>Juan Bisquert's Blog</title>
		<link>http://juanbisquert.wordpress.com</link>
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		<title>Triumphs of James</title>
		<link>http://juanbisquert.wordpress.com/2012/01/26/triumphs-of-james/</link>
		<comments>http://juanbisquert.wordpress.com/2012/01/26/triumphs-of-james/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 26 Jan 2012 18:11:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Juan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[photovoltaics]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[It was announced yesterday that James Durrant won one of the distinguished ERC Advanced Grants in the 2011 edition. He seems to be the only one senior scientist of our field, hybrid organic and inorganic nanomaterials for solar energy conversion, who made it so far. Congratulations! &#160;<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=juanbisquert.wordpress.com&amp;blog=6484810&amp;post=645&amp;subd=juanbisquert&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It was announced yesterday that James Durrant won one of the distinguished ERC Advanced Grants in the 2011 edition. He seems to be the only one senior scientist of our field, hybrid organic and inorganic nanomaterials for solar energy conversion, who made it so far.</p>
<p>Congratulations!</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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			<media:title type="html">HOPV 11 Valencia</media:title>
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		<title>The first one is unforgettable</title>
		<link>http://juanbisquert.wordpress.com/2012/01/26/the-first-one-is-unforgettable/</link>
		<comments>http://juanbisquert.wordpress.com/2012/01/26/the-first-one-is-unforgettable/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 26 Jan 2012 18:01:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Juan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[photovoltaics]]></category>

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		<title>Israel Chemical Society Awards to Doron Aurbach and David Cahen</title>
		<link>http://juanbisquert.wordpress.com/2012/01/23/israel-chemical-society-awards-to-doron-aurbach-and-david-cahen/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Jan 2012 20:39:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Juan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[photovoltaics]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[My congratulations to my friends Doron and David for the recognition to their outstanding work The Israel Chemical Society (ICS) awarded its 2011 Prize of Excellence to Doron Aurbach (Bar-Ilan University) and David Cahen (Weizmann Institute of Science). Doron Aurbach was honored for “his seminal research on non-aqueous chemistry, development of rechargeable magnesium batteries, and [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=juanbisquert.wordpress.com&amp;blog=6484810&amp;post=640&amp;subd=juanbisquert&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>My congratulations to my friends Doron and David for the recognition to their outstanding work</p>
<p>The Israel Chemical Society (ICS) awarded its 2011<br />
Prize of Excellence to Doron Aurbach (Bar-Ilan<br />
University) and David Cahen (Weizmann Institute<br />
of Science).<br />
<strong>Doron Aurbach</strong> was honored for “his seminal<br />
research on non-aqueous chemistry, development<br />
of rechargeable magnesium batteries, and for the<br />
development of novel spectro-electrochemical<br />
tools for the studies of reactive electrochemical<br />
systems”. Aurbachs research group also works on<br />
lithium-ion batteries, electronically conducting polymers,<br />
supercapacitors, and devices for energy<br />
storage and conversion. He has reported on a<br />
material for lithium-ion batteries in Angewandte<br />
Chemie,[1a] and on the role of anion desorption in<br />
carbon micropores in ChemPhysChem.[1b] Aurbach<br />
studied at Bar-Ilan University and received his PhD<br />
in physico-organic chemistry in 1983 (supervised by<br />
S. Hoz). After two years of postdoctoral research at<br />
Case Western Reserve University (Cleveland,<br />
USA) with E. B. Yeager, he founded the electrochemistry<br />
group at Bar-Ilan University at the end of<br />
1985. Aurbachs other honors include the Electrochemical<br />
Society Battery Division Technology<br />
Award (2005). He has been a fellow of the Electrochemical<br />
Society since 2008 and the International<br />
Electrochemical Society since 2010.</p>
<p><strong>David Cahen</strong> was awarded for “his seminal<br />
contributions to the chemistry and physics of<br />
photovoltaic materials and devices, such as solar<br />
cells, and for providing means for controlling their<br />
optical and electronic properties”. His current<br />
research interests are in materials chemistry, in<br />
particular the electronic properties of interfaces,<br />
and the use of biomolecules in optoelectronics. He<br />
has recently discussed the possibilities and limits<br />
for solar cells in Advanced Materials,[2a] and has<br />
reported on electronic contact deposition onto<br />
organic monolayers in Advanced Functional Materials.[<br />
2b] Cahen studied chemistry and physics at the<br />
Hebrew University of Jerusalem and earned his</p>
<p>PhD in chemistry and materials research at Northwestern<br />
University (Evanston, USA) in 1973 (with<br />
J. A. Ibers and J. B. Wagner, Jr.). He pursued<br />
postdoctoral research in biological photosynthesis<br />
at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (with I.<br />
Ohad) and at the Weizmann Institute of Science<br />
(with S. Malkin), which he joined as a faculty<br />
member in 1976. He was promoted to professor in<br />
1998. Among other awards, Cahen received the<br />
Kolthoff Prize from the Technion–Israel Institute<br />
of Technology (2009).</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>[1] a) S. K. Martha, J. Grinblat, O. Haik, E. Zinigrad, T.<br />
Drezen, J. H. Miners, I. Exnar, A. Kay, B. Markovsky,<br />
D. Aurbach, Angew. Chem. 2009, 121, 8711 – 8715;<br />
b) M. D. Levi, S. Sigalov, G. Salitra, D. Aurbach, J.<br />
Maier, ChemPhysChem 2011, 12, 854.</p>
<p>[2] a) P. K. Nayak, J. Bisquert, D. Cahen, Adv. Mater.<br />
2011, 23, 2870; b) H. Shpaisman, R. Har-Lavan, N.<br />
Stein, O. Yaffe, R. Korobko, O. Seitz, A. Vilan, D.<br />
Cahen, Adv. Func. Mater. 2010, 20, 2181.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<title>Carta sobre la crisis</title>
		<link>http://juanbisquert.wordpress.com/2012/01/19/carta-sobre-la-crisis/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 19 Jan 2012 20:10:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Juan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[photovoltaics]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Anónimo Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría, vicepresidenta del Gobierno, nos pide a los españoles “un esfuerzo más”. Alberto Fabra Part, presidente de la Generalitat Valenciana, dice que los valencianos ”vivíamos por encima de nuestras posibilidades”. Trabajo desde hace catorce años en I+D y desde hace diez años lo compatibilizo con unas horas semanales de profesor en [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=juanbisquert.wordpress.com&amp;blog=6484810&amp;post=633&amp;subd=juanbisquert&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>Anónimo</em></p>
<p>Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría, vicepresidenta del Gobierno, nos pide a los españoles “un esfuerzo más”. Alberto Fabra Part, presidente de la Generalitat Valenciana, dice que los valencianos ”vivíamos por encima de nuestras posibilidades”.<br />
Trabajo desde hace catorce años en I+D y desde hace diez años lo compatibilizo con unas horas semanales de profesor en la universidad por las tardes. Me esforcé de niño y adolescente en intentar aprender, sacar buenas notas y pasarlo bien. Me esforcé en la universidad para sacar la carrera y pasarlo bien. Me esforcé luego dando clases particulares y continúo ahora esforzándome en mis dos trabajos. Hace diez años, junto a mi pareja, compramos un piso que entraba dentro de nuestras posibilidades. Ahora, tras diez años de esfuerzo, hemos ahorrado el dinero suficiente para pagar lo que nos queda de hipoteca. Llevo años esforzándome y nunca he vivido por encima de mis posibilidades. Podía permitirme coches más caros pero no los he comprado, nunca he pedido un crédito para irme de vacaciones, reformé mi piso cuando tuve dinero para hacerlo. Me esfuerzo en educar a mis hijos lo mejor posible, los llevo a la escuela pública y me esfuerzo en la asociación de padres para ayudar a mejorarla. Cuando mis hijos enferman los llevo a la sanidad pública y si me queda jarabe en casa le digo al médico que no me haga una receta que no necesito.<br />
Ahora estoy a punto de quedarme sin trabajo gracias a los que han vivido “por encima de nuestras posibilidades”. Ahora me piden “un esfuerzo más”. Yo siempre he pagado puntualmente la hipoteca y lo sigo haciendo así que no he hundido a la banca. Yo no he hecho bajar la bolsa, no he hundido los mercados, no he inflado la economía, no he especulado con la vivienda, no he organizado carreras de coches en mi ciudad, no necesito un aeropuerto sin aviones, no tengo yate para ver la salida de la Copa América, no he ido nunca a ver la ópera en el Palau de les Arts. Yo no he deteriorado la escuela ni la sanidad públicas, no he tenido becas ni subvenciones, no he cobrado nunca el paro ni he provocado déficit al estado, la autonomía ni la Seguridad Social. Yo no conozco a Moody, FItch ni Standard pero sí conozco a los que vivieron por encima de mis posibilidades. Yo no les voté, a mi no me representan.<br />
Soraya, el esfuerzo se lo pides a ellos.</p>
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		<title>Light at night</title>
		<link>http://juanbisquert.wordpress.com/2011/12/27/light-at-night/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Dec 2011 10:48:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Juan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[photovoltaics]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Astronaut photograph ISS030-E-10008 was acquired on December 4, 2011, with a Nikon D3S digital camera using a 24 mm lens, and is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations experiment and Image Science &#38; Analysis Laboratory, Johnson Space Center. The image was taken by the Expedition 30 crew. The image has been cropped and enhanced to improve contrast. Lens [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=juanbisquert.wordpress.com&amp;blog=6484810&amp;post=622&amp;subd=juanbisquert&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://juanbisquert.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/iss030-e-010008_lrg.jpg"><img class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-626" title="iberia at night" src="http://juanbisquert.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/iss030-e-010008_lrg.jpg?w=300&#038;h=200" alt="" width="300" height="200" /></a></p>
<p>Astronaut photograph <a href="http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=ISS030&amp;roll=E&amp;frame=10008">ISS030-E-10008</a> was acquired on December 4, 2011, with a Nikon D3S digital camera using a 24 mm lens, and is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations experiment and Image Science &amp; Analysis Laboratory, Johnson Space Center. The image was taken by the <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition30/index.html">Expedition 30 crew.</a> The image has been cropped and enhanced to improve contrast. Lens artifacts have been removed. The <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/science/nlab/index.html">International Space Station Program</a> supports the laboratory as part of the <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/science/nlab/index.html">ISS National Lab</a> to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public.</p>
<p><a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=76777">Source</a></p>
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			<media:title type="html">Juan</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">iberia at night</media:title>
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		<title>Dialèctica i tragèdia</title>
		<link>http://juanbisquert.wordpress.com/2011/12/20/dialectica-i-tragedia/</link>
		<comments>http://juanbisquert.wordpress.com/2011/12/20/dialectica-i-tragedia/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:58:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Juan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[photovoltaics]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Podem discernir quelcom de la gramàtica &#8220;tràgica&#8221; sota la manera proverbial del grec de dir &#8220;u apren de l&#8217;experiència&#8221;: &#8220;ta pathemata mathemata,&#8221; &#8220;el que pateix aprén.&#8221; També podem entreveure una relació entre la dialèctica i les matemàtiques (un tipus que haguera pogut figurar en la insistència de Plató en les matemàtiques) en el fet que mathemata vol [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=juanbisquert.wordpress.com&amp;blog=6484810&amp;post=615&amp;subd=juanbisquert&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Podem discernir quelcom de la gramàtica &#8220;tràgica&#8221; sota la manera proverbial del grec de dir &#8220;u apren de l&#8217;experiència&#8221;: &#8220;<em>ta pathemata mathemata,</em>&#8221; &#8220;el que pateix aprén.&#8221; També podem entreveure una relació entre la dialèctica i les matemàtiques (un tipus que haguera pogut figurar en la insistència de Plató en les matemàtiques) en el fet que <em>mathemata</em> vol dir tant les coses apreses en general, com les ciències matemàtiques (aritmètica, geometria, astronomia) en particular. Un <em>pathema</em> (de la mateixa arrel que la nostra paraula “passiu”) és l’oposat d’un <em>poiema</em> (un fet, acció, acte; qualsevol cosa feta; un poema). Un <em>pathema</em> es pot referir variadament a patiment, infortuni, condició passiva, situació, estat mental. El requeriment inicial d’una tragedia, però, és una <em>acció</em>. Així doncs, segons la nostra interpretació, si el proverbi s’haguera de completar, a risc de redundància, tindria tres termes: <em>poiemata, pathemata, mathemata</em>, suggerint que el fet organitza la oposició (trau al front els factors que siguen que resisteixen o modifiquen l’acte), que l’agent que “pateix” esta oposició, en tant que aprén a prendre els motius oposicionals en consideració, ampliant en conseqüència la seua terminologia, ha arribat a un ordre superior de comprensió. Ara bé, esta descripció indica una seqüència temporal que no és normalment el cas. Les tres distincions es poden col·lapsar en un únic “moment,” de manera que podem procedir d’un a l’altre en qualsevol ordre.</p>
<p>Kenneth Burke “A Grammar of Motives” (1945) p. 39. Traducció meua.</p>
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			<media:title type="html">Juan</media:title>
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		<title>Virtual Physics</title>
		<link>http://juanbisquert.wordpress.com/2011/12/19/virtual-physics/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 19 Dec 2011 14:51:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Juan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[photovoltaics]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Here is a collection of experiments in mechanics, thermodynamics and electromagnetism for graduate student physics lab. I dessigned some of the original experiments many years ago. Now Noemi Sanchis has directed the virtual version, and they look nice and helpful. Virtual Physics Experiments<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=juanbisquert.wordpress.com&amp;blog=6484810&amp;post=611&amp;subd=juanbisquert&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Here is a collection of experiments in mechanics, thermodynamics and electromagnetism for graduate student physics lab. I dessigned some of the original experiments many years ago. Now Noemi Sanchis has directed the virtual version, and they look nice and helpful.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.simfisica.uji.es/" target="_blank">Virtual Physics Experiments</a></p>
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		<title>Karl Leo and team awarded prize for Innovation and Technology by the German Federal President Christian Wulff</title>
		<link>http://juanbisquert.wordpress.com/2011/12/17/karl-leo-and-team-awarded-prize-for-innovation-and-technology-by-the-german-federal-president-christian-wulff/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 17 Dec 2011 00:17:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Juan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[photovoltaics]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Congratulations Karl Press release. Dresden, Germany, 15. December 2011 German Federal President awards Novaled’s founders team for the Deutscher Zukunftspreis 2011 Novaled AG, a leading company in OLED and organic electronics technology and materials, is pleased to announce that three of Novaled’s founders have been rewarded with the prize “Deutscher Zukunftspreis 2011” for Innovation and [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=juanbisquert.wordpress.com&amp;blog=6484810&amp;post=608&amp;subd=juanbisquert&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span style="font-size:small;"><strong><br />
</strong></span>Congratulations Karl</p>
<p>Press release. Dresden, Germany, 15. December 2011</p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:medium;">German Federal President awards Novaled’s founders team for the Deutscher Zukunftspreis 2011</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><a href="http://www.novaled.com/index.php" target="_blank">Novaled</a> AG, a leading company in OLED and organic electronics technology and materials, is pleased to announce that three of Novaled’s founders have been rewarded with the prize “Deutscher Zukunftspreis 2011” for Innovation and Technology by the Federal President Christian Wulff.</strong></p>
<p>The  team of Prof. Karl Leo (Technical University of Dresden and Fraunhofer IPMS  Dresden), Dr. Jan Blochwitz-Nimoth (Novaled AG) and Dr. Martin Pfeiffer (now  Heliatek GmbH) received in Berlin the Deutscher Zukunftspreis – the German  federal president’s prize for Innovations in Science and Technology. This  annual prize honours creative teams of people realizing breakthrough achievements  in science and the subsequent industrial exploitation of these new scientific  results. “I am very glad that this team won the award”, said German Federal  President Wulff. “…the topic of this team is particularly promising  because it really can make happen the energy turnaround (towards green  energy).”</p>
<p>„We are very happy about this precious award which is an honor and great recognition of the work of the Novaled team and our partners”, says Dr. Blochwitz-Nimoth, Chief Scientific Officer of Novaled. “At the same time the award is motivating us, to make our vision become reality to significantly improve our life in the 21st century with the help of organic electronics.”</p>
<p>The winners team made remarkable developments in the field of Organic Electronics. At the Technical University Dresden they developed unique OLED technologies able to radically reduce the energy consumption of an OLED product. These technologies find their application in new generations of flat panel display, low power lighting and efficient and flexible solar cells.</p>
<p>Karl, Jan, and Martin are at the origin of a strong Organic Electronics cluster in Saxony; especially with the creation of Novaled AG and Heliatek GmbH (a producer of organic solar cell products).</p>
<p>The spin-off Novaled has meanwhile successfully commercialised its OLED technologies and materials. Both are used for mass production and can be found in products like new generation flat panel displays (e.g. mobile phone displays) and in energy efficient OLED lightings and Organic Solar Cells.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.novaled.com/aboutus/profile.html"><strong>About Novaled</strong></a><strong> </strong><br />
Novaled AG is a world leader in the OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) field and specializes in high efficiency long lifetime OLED structures and is an expert in organic electronics. The company is known for its Novaled PIN OLED® technology, its proprietary OLED materials and the customized OLED products and services. Novaled has developed long term partnerships with major OLED producers throughout the world. Based on more than 500 patents granted or pending, Novaled has a strong IP position in the field of OLED technology. Since 2003 the spin off of Technical University (IAPP) and Fraunhofer (IPMS) Dresden is active in the market. Novaled has some 120 staff worldwide with headquarters in Dresden and offices in Korea and Japan. The company was named No. 1 in a list of ‘up and coming’ world market leaders by the German newspapers Handelsblatt and Wirtschaftswoche. Its main investors include eCAPITAL, Crédit Agricole Private Equity, TechnoStart, TechFund and CDC Innovation. For further details please visit <a href="http://www.novaled.com/">www.novaled.com</a>.<br />
<strong><em>Contact</em></strong>: Ms Anke Lemke, phone: +49 (0)351 796 5819 or <a href="mailto:anke.lemke@novaled.com">anke.lemke@novaled.com</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.novaled.com/aboutoleds/whatareoleds.html"><strong>About OLED</strong></a>s<br />
OLEDs (organic light-emitting diode) are semiconductors made of thin organic material layers of only a few nanometers thickness. They emit light in a diffuse way to form an area light source. In a fast growing display market OLEDs are key part of a revolution: the dream of paper-thin, highly efficient displays with brilliant colors and great flexibility in design. OLEDs represent the future of a vast array of completely new lighting applications. By combining color with shape, organic LEDs will create a new way of decorating and personalizing personal surroundings with light.</p>
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		<title>L&#8217;Odissea en valencià</title>
		<link>http://juanbisquert.wordpress.com/2011/12/16/lodissea-en-valencia/</link>
		<comments>http://juanbisquert.wordpress.com/2011/12/16/lodissea-en-valencia/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Dec 2011 19:36:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Juan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[photovoltaics]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://juanbisquert.wordpress.com/?p=606</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Ai, els mortals ens culpen, als déus, de tantíssimes coses! Diuen que som el motiu dels seus mals, mentre són ells mateixos, per insensats i per boigs, els qui es busquen dolors sense mida. S&#8217;acaba de publicar l&#8217;Odissea, d&#8217;Homer, traduida al català pel millor escriptor valencià (viu), Joan F Mira. És una versió erudita però [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=juanbisquert.wordpress.com&amp;blog=6484810&amp;post=606&amp;subd=juanbisquert&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Ai, els mortals ens culpen, als déus, de tantíssimes coses!<br />
Diuen que som el motiu dels seus mals, mentre són ells mateixos,<br />
per insensats i per boigs, els qui es busquen dolors sense mida.</p>
<p>S&#8217;acaba de publicar l&#8217;Odissea, d&#8217;Homer, traduida al català pel millor escriptor valencià (viu), Joan F Mira.</p>
<p>És una versió erudita però natural, és llig fàcil i sense perdre el ritme profund, pots disfrutar perfectament el llenguatge a més de les eternes aventures de la èpica més lírica. Això no passava en les traduccions anteriors.</p>
<p>És el moment de llegir l&#8217;<a href="http://www.amazon.es/Odissea-Homer/dp/8475882595" target="_blank">Odissea </a>una altra volta en català amb gust valencià.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<title>EU policies on Solid State Lighting</title>
		<link>http://juanbisquert.wordpress.com/2011/12/15/eu-policies-on-solid-state-lighting/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 15 Dec 2011 18:42:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Juan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[photovoltaics]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Excerpt of te European Commission  Green Paper SSL technologies for general lighting applications comprise LED and OLED light sources, luminaires and control gear. They produce white light in different colour tones and variations, from warm to cold white. LED lamps and luminaires integrate high-brightness LED point light sources. OLED devices are based on organic light sources (e.g. polymers) that emit [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=juanbisquert.wordpress.com&amp;blog=6484810&amp;post=600&amp;subd=juanbisquert&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<address><span style="color:#000000;font-family:Arial;font-size:x-small;">Excerpt of te European Commission </span> <span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:x-small;">Green Paper</span></span></address>
<p>SSL technologies for general lighting applications comprise LED and OLED light sources, luminaires and control gear. They produce white light in different colour tones and variations, from warm to cold white. LED lamps and luminaires integrate high-brightness LED point light sources. OLED devices are based on organic light sources (e.g. polymers) that emit light homogeneously from a two-dimensional surface and can be made in arbitrary shapes and sizes, including as transparent panels.<br />
Lighting is an essential service for domestic use, in public spaces and other applications, from advertising panels, automotive, traffic and street lights to public offices and buildings. In Europe, professional lighting (non-residential buildings and street lighting) accounts for 52% of the total market revenues and residential lighting for the rest. Office buildings use up to 50% of their total electricity consumption for lighting, while this share is 20-30% in hospitals, 15% in factories, 10-15% in schools and 10-12% in residential buildings.<br />
While LEDs have become available on the general lighting market as spotlights integrated in ceilings and as &#8220;retrofit&#8221; light bulb replacements, recent LED technology advancement has allowed their integration and use in far more demanding applications: street lighting, high-brightness indoor and outdoor lighting, retail displays, general merchandise lighting, etc. Shopping malls quickly followed the trend and some achieved energy savings of 60% and payback times of about 3 years. LED lighting is also appreciated in hotels where refurbishments achieve up to 90% higher efficiencies compared to previous installations. The potential for LED deployment in Europe is very large, as 75% of existing lighting installations are older than 25 years.</p>
<p><a href="http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/digital-agenda/actions/ssl-consultation/docs/com_2011_0889_ssl_green_paper_en.pdf" target="_blank">Get the full document</a></p>
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